恐竜 の最近のブログ記事

日本語訳が付きました。

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ミクシー仲間のミスター思いやりさんが

  1. ブラキオサウルス
  2. バラパサウルス
  3. カマラサウルス
  4. コエロフィシス

の記事を日本語に訳してくれましたのでそれぞれに追記しました。

ミスター思いやりさんありがとう。

 


 

Styracosaurus

 

StyracosaurusP.JPG
和名:スティラコサウルス
世界共通発音:スタイラッコソーラス sty-rack-oh-saw-rus
命名意味:Spiked Lizard
分類所属:Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda / Marginocephalia / Ceratopsoidea /
Family: Ceratopsidae /
FIRST DESCRIBED 1913 /  FOUND North America: Canada, USA /
LENGTH 5.5 m / WEIGHT 3 t / FOOD: Plants / YOUNG: Eggs /
LIVED: Late Cretaceous 80-66 million years ago

恐竜説明:
This spectacular horned dinosaur stood 2 m tall. It was like a giant rhinoceros except that the bony frill at the back of the skull was adorned with six long spines. In addition it had a tall, straight nasal horn and two bony spikes just below and to the sides of the eyes. Together, these gave Shlracosaurus a lot of protection from attack by a giant predator. The tallest spines grew on either side of a central dip in the frill and they would have made even giants the size of Albertosaurus or T. rex thinks twice about attacking them. Styracosaurus lived in the western area of North America, including Montana, and in Alberta, Canada.
From the various skeletons discovered in Alberta, scientists have suggested that the heads of juveniles were very similar to those of adults although the spines and horns got larger as they got older. It was the biggest males that had the most spectacular head shields.

大きさ比較:

StyracosaurusSize.JPG

Struthiomimus

StruthiomimusP.JPG
和名:ストルティオミムス

世界共通発音:ストゥルーシオミメス stroo thee oh mime us
命名意味:Ostrich Mimic
分類所属:Saurischia / Theropoda / Tetanurae / Ornithomimosauria /
Family: Ornithomimidae
FIRST DISCOVERED: 1902 / FOUND: North America: Canada /
LENGTH: 4 m / WEIGHT: 350 kg / FOOD: Meat, plants / YOUNG: Eggs /
LIVED: Late Cretaceous 80 72 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Struthiomimus was a smaller version of Gailimimus and, again, resembles a featherless ostrich. It had a small head with a toothless beak. The neck and tail were very long. The skull was lightly built, with huge openings for the eyes. Struthiomimus had very good eyesight and was in all likelihood quite intelligent. It fed on insects, small reptiles and probably plants.
Struthiomimus's large eyes may have given it stereoscopic vision, so that it had a three dimensional view of the world. This would have allowed the 'Ostrich Mimic' to judge distances accurately and to hunt at dusk or even during the night.
Like many other dinosaurs, Struthiomimus had small stones in its gizzard (the part of a bird's stomach which grinds food   in this case, tough plant material). It is known  from Alberta in western Canada and, along with 30 or so other dinosaurs, is part of one of the world's best exhibitions at the Tyrrell Museum in Drumheller.

大きさ比較:

StruthiomimusSize.JPG

 

Stegosaurus

 

StegosaurusP.JPG
和名:ステゴサウルス
世界共通発音:ステゴソーラス steg oh saw rus
命名意味:Roofed Lizard
分類所属:Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Stegosauria /
Family: Stegosauridae /
FIRST DESCRIBED: 1877 / FOUND: North America: USA; Africa: Madagascar / LENGTH: 9 m
/ WEIGHT 2.5 t / FOOD: Plants / YOUNG: Eggs
/ LIVED: Late Jurassic 154 146 million years ago

恐竜説明:
If there was a prize for the most famous dinosaur, then Stegosaurus and Tyrannosaurus (see page 64) would be the two main contenders. They are totally different animals but both have excited our imaginations. Stegosaurus was a placid plant eater with an exceptionally small brain. It had a long, flattened head with a beaked mouth. The jaw teeth were small and probably rubbed against one another like grindstones as the animal chewed its food before swallowing.
Stegosaurus was the largest of the stegosaur dinosaurs. It is easily recognized by the two rows of vertical plates along its back and the four huge spikes on its tail. What could Stegosaurus's plates have been for? They are slightly off set and inside there are recognizable channels that probably filled with  blood. They may have acted like radiators. Alternatively, they may have been used for display between males and females. They would not have been much use for protecting the animal during an attack. For this, Stegosaurus relied on its four spiked tail. Each spike was about 1 m long, and could have inflicted terrible wounds on the legs and underbelly of its tormentor.

大きさ比較:

StegosaurusSize.JPG

ステゴセラス Stegoceras

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Stegoceras

 

StegocerasP.JPG
和名:ステゴセラス
世界共通発音:ステゴセラス steg o ser as
命名意味:Roof Horn
分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda / Marginocephalia / Pachycephalosauria /
Family: Pachycephalosauridae /
FIRST DESCRIBED: 1902 / FOUND: North America: Canada /
LENGTH: 2.5 m / WEIGHT: 70 kg /
FOOD: Plants / YOUNG: Eggs / LIVED: Late Cretaceous 76 68 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Stegoceras is a member of the same family as Pachycephalosaurus, the 'Thick headed Lizard', but it was only one third the size of its giant cousin. One of the main family characteristics was the greatly thickened roof of the skull. Scientists have debated why the skull was thickened, and most think that males fought one another over territory.
The larger the male and the thicker his skull, the stronger and more mature he was. Numerous skulls of Stegoceras have been discovered and they show a range of ages, the older animals having the thickest skull roofs. Modern day mountain sheep and goats have a similar skull thickening. It is likely that Stegoceras lived in upland areas.
Only one poorly preserved skele¬ton has been discovered, and the evidence suggests that Stegoceras was quite lightly built, with short arms and strong legs. Compared to some theropods, the hands and feet of Stegoceras were quite primitive. The hands have five fingers, whereas the feet have three moderately long toes and an inner toe that is reduced to just a spur.

大きさ比較:

StegocerasSize.JPG

Scelidosaurus

ScelidosaurusP.JPG
和名:スケリドサウルス
世界共通発音:スケリッドソーラス ske lid oh saw rus
命名意味:Limb Lizard
分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Family: uncertain /
FIRST DISCOVERED: 1859 / FOUND: Europe: England; North America: USA /
Length: 4 m / WEIGHT: 500 kg / Food: Plants / YOUNG: Eggs /
Lived: Early Jurassic 196 183 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Scelidosaurus is a problem! It was originally thought to be the first  known ornithischian (bird hipped) dinosaur. In 1861, the famous English anatomist and palaeontologist Sir Richard Owen described skeletal remains discovered in Dorset, in the south west of England. Strangely, Owen made a big mistake  the material he described was a mixture of bones from a new dinosaur and from the giant meat eater Megalosaurus.  
Better material became available in1893 and, in 1985, a new skeleton was discovered in Charmouth, also in Dorset. Together, these remains have provided scientists with sufficient evidence to show that Scelidosaurus was most probably a distant relative of the armoured dinosaurs or ankylosaurs. Scelidosaurus may also be related to the stegosaurs.  
Recent reconstructions show that it had a small head and its mouth contained many small, leaf shaped teeth. Its body was long and robust and the front legs were shorter than the back. Scelidosaurus had rather rounded feet with short toes. It was a plant eater. Remains of the animal have been found in rocks containing sea creatures. It is very unlikely that Scelidosourus ever ventured too close to the sea. the best explanation is that it slipped into a fast flowing river while feeding or during a violent storm.

大きさ比較:

ScelidosaurusSize.JPG

サウロペルタ Sauropelta

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Sauropelta

SauropeltaP.JPG
和名:サウロペルタ
世界共通発音:ソーロペルタ saw roe pel ta
命名意味:Lizard Shield

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Ankylosauria /
Family: Nodosauridae /
FIRST DESCRIBED: 1970 / FOUND: North America: USA / Length: 8 m / WEIGHT 3.5 t /
FOOD: Plants / YOUNG: Eggs /
LIVID: Early Cretaceous 125 100 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Sauropelta lived in the western area of North America during the Early Cretaceous period. At that time, the climate was rather similar to today, with ice and snow present in the polar regions. A large inland sea covered a huge area east of the Rocky Mountains, and coal forming swamps bordered forested areas.
Flowering plants were becoming common and the region supported great herds of bird hipped dinosaurs. Like many other armoured dinosaurs, Sauropelta found these conditions ideal.
It was a truly massive creature which walked on all fours with its belly close to the ground. The back legs were quite a lot longer than the front limbs, and the tail was roughly the same length as the body. As the name suggests, 'Lizard Shield' had a full cover of armour over its back and tail, and the plates that protected the neck were especially spiny. 
Weighing in at roughly the same weight as a major predator a fully grown Sauropelta would have been a very difficult target for even the most aggressive meat eater.
 
大きさ比較:

SauropeltaSize.JPG

Parasaurolophus 

ParasaurolophusP.JPG
 

和名:パラサウロロプス
世界共通発音:パラソーロロフス par-ah-saw-roh-loaf-us
命名意味:Side-ridge Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Cerapoda / Ornithopoda / Iguanodontia
/ Family: Lambeosauridae / First Described: 1922 / Found: North America: Canada, USA / Length: 10 m / Weight: 3 t / Food:  Plants / Young:  Eggs / Lived: Late Cretaceous 82-66 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Parasaurolophus was first discovered in 1921 during one of the great expeditions to the Canadian badland area of Alberta. Here, the Red Deer River has cut hundreds of small valleys down into the local rocks to dramatic effect. The region was difficult to cross by foot or on horses, so that the dinosaur explorers usually travelled by river. Today travel there is much easier and thousands of visitors can go to the Tyrell Museum in Drum Heller and take part in organized digs.
Beautiful displays of over 30 types of dinosaurs include superb skeletons of Parasaurolophus. Though not as big as Lambeosaurus, the 'Side-ridged lizard' has a spectacular, curved crest that stretches up and over the snout for almost 2 m. There are no holes in the crest and the old idea that it might have served as a snorkel underwater has now been abandoned. Instead, the  tubular crest may have amplified the sound as groups of dinosaurs called to one another while they were feeding in wooded areas.

大きさ比較:

ParasaurolophusSize.JPG

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Pachyrhinosaurus

 

PachyrhinosaurusP.JPG
和名:パキリノサウルス 
世界共通発音:パッキーリノソーラス pak?ee?rhino?saw?rus
命名意味:Thick?nosed Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda / Marginocephalia / Ceratopsoidea
First Described 1950 / Found: North America: Canada
/ Length: 6m / Weight: 2t
Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Late Cretaceous 70-66 million year ago

恐竜説明:
Twelve or more skulls and some disconnected bones have been found in the western states of Canada. The form of the body, therefore, has been built up by comparing the known remains with those of other horned and frilled dinosaurs. Instead of a nose horn, Pachyrhinosaurus had a large, bony bump on its nose. It was probably used for defence and during the fierce battles among the dominant males fighting to protect their territory and breeding partners. Head?butting and pushing would have been the chosen battlefield strategy.
Pachyrhinosaurus had a short frill at the back of its head similar to that of Triceratops.
During Late Cretaceous times, large herds of horned dinosaurs roamed  the open lands of the western area of the North American continent. They were constantly on the lookout for  Tyrannosaurus rex and, when spooked, were capable of running at speeds of more than 20 kph. Even the 'Tyrant  Lizard' would get out of the way of a stampede of these formidable creatures.
 
大きさ比較:

  PachyrhinosaurusSize.JPG 

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Psittacosaurus

 

PsittacosaurusP.JPG
和名:プシタコサウルス
世界共通発音:シッタコソーラス sit-tak-oh-saw-rus
命名意味:Parrot Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda / Marginocephalia / Ceratopsia
/ Family: Psittacosauridae
/ First Described: 1923 / Found: Asia: China, Mongolia, Thailand
/ Length: 2 m / Weight: 70 kg / Food:  Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Early Cretaceous 125-100 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Psittacosaurus is a small, primitive, horned-faced dinosaur. It is thought to be have been related to the small Ornithopod Hypsilophodon. The horned-faced dinosaurs probably evolved from an Ornithopod ancestor similar to a hypsilophodontid. The tell-tale presence of a small beak-like bone at the front of the skull of Psittacosaurus makes it one the earliest relatives of giants such as Styracosaurus and Triceratops.
Nine species of Psittacosaurus have been found in the Early Cretaceous rocks of Asia, and the remains of over a hundred individuals have been collected so far. This is an enormous number and shows how well this small dinosaur was adapted to its surroundings. Its robust parrot-like beak suggests that it fed on tough plant material, which it gathered while standing on its hind limbs. Psittacosaurus had fairly long arms, with four fingers on each hand. The hind limbs were longer and more robust, with three toes and an inner spur on the feet.
 
大きさ比較:

PsiottacosaurusSize.jpg

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Pachycephalosaurus

 

PachycephalosaurusP.JPG
和名:パキセパロサウルス
世界共通発音:パッキィセファロソーラス pack-ee-seph-ah-loh-saw-rus
命名意味:Thick-headed Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda / Marginocephalia
/ Pachycephalosauria / Family: achycephalosauridae
/ First Described: 1943 / Found: North America: USA
/ Length: 8m / Weight: 1t
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Late Cretaceous 76-68 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Pachycephalosaurus is known, only poorly, from Wyoming, South Dakota and Montana in the western United States. It was one of the largest of the dome? or flat?headed dinosaurs, with the thick, bony mass at the top of its head up to 20 cm (8 in) thick. As with other pachycephalosaurs, this strengthening and thickening of the skull protected it during fights for territory, dominance of the herd or mating partners. The bigger the male, the bigger the domed skull and the more likely that he would be the victor in battle.   
Only one good fossil Pachycephalosaurus skull has been found,  as well as several skull roofs. The reconstruction of the rest of the animal is based on comparing it with  related dinosaurs and on
Informed guesswork. A detailed comparison is now possible because a reasonably complete skeleton of the closely related Stygimoloch was found in  1995. Each animal had a bony ornament over the snout and rear of the head, but in Stygimoloch, the  rear bony swellings had developed into long horns. Both animals ran on two legs. They probably had  relatively short arms and a long, stiffened tail.

大きさ比較:

    

PachycephalosaurusSize.JPG

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Hylaeosaurus


HylaeosaurusP.JPG
和名: ヒラエオサウルス
世界共通発音:ハイリオソーラス hi-lee-oh-saw-rus
命名意味:Wood land Lizard
分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Ankylosauria
 / Family: Ankylosauridae
/ First Described: 1833 / Found: Europe:England / Length: 6m / Weight: 2t / Food: Plants
/ Young: Eggs / Lived Early Cretaceous 140-125 mya


恐竜説明:
Hylaeosaurus was one of the original reptiles that Sir Richard Owen used to define his group, the Dinosauria or dinosaurs. It was first described by Gideon Mantell in 1833. Up to this time, only the front end of the body has been found, and the description of this large relative of Polacanthus is based on an incomplete skeleton found near East Grinstead in the south-east of England. Hylaeosourus had a low, heavily built body which was almost completely covered by bony plates and spines. The neck region was armoured by three rows of oval plates and an apron of long spines that pointed out and away from the body, protecting the shoulders and hips. It is thought that there were also some vertical spines over the neck area. There were two rows of slightly backward pointing spines over the hip region and along the tail. The head was rather flat and long, and similar to that of the modern Komodo dragon.
 

大きさ比較:

HylaeosaurusSize.JPG


 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Hypsilophodon

 

HypsilophodonP.JPG
和名: ヒプシロフォドン    
世界共通発音: ヒプシロフォドン hip-see-loaf-oh-don
命名意味: High-ridged Tooth
分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Cerapoda / Ornithopoda / Family: Hypsilophodontidae
/ First Discovered: 1849 / Found: Worldwide:Europe;North America;Asia / Length: 2.5m
/ Weight: 25kg / Food: Plants / Young: Eggs / Lived: Early Cretaceous 130-115 mya

恐竜説明:
Although the remains of Hypsilophodon were discovered in 1849, the animal was not named until 1889. The reason for the delay was simple: 19th century scientists thought it was a baby Iguanodon. For the next 80 years this tiny ornithopod (bird-footed dinosaur) was thought to be a tree dweller. In fact, a model of Hypsilophodon holding on to a branch was a central exhibit at the Natural History Museum in London for many years.
More recently, however, experts have worked out that this was an agile little dinosaur with long, strongly built back legs and short arms. It had quite a large head with a beak at the front of its mouth and a row of small grinding teeth behind. As its name suggests, these teeth were ridged. Hypsilophodon was a founder member of the Iguanodon line of dinosaurs, which reached its peak with the appearance of the duck-billed dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. It may have evolved from an animal such as Heterodontosaurus. The Hypsilophodon was a primitive ornithopod from the Early Cretaceous.
大きさ比較:

HypsilophodonSize.JPG

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Huayangosaurus


HuayangosaurusP.JPG
和名:
世界共通発音:ワヤンゴソーラス wah-yang-go-saw-rus
命名意味:Huayang Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea
/ Eurypoda / Stegosauria
/ Family: Huayangosauridae
/ First Described: 1982 / Found: Asia:China
/ Length: 4m / Weight: 450kg / Food: Plants
/ Young: Eggs / Lived: Midle Jurassic 166-162 mya


恐竜説明:
Huayangosaurus is an early, rather primitive relative of Stegosaurus. In life it would have looked similar to Stegosaurus, with two rows of vertical plates running along the top of its body. The two rows began just behind the head and the tallest and largest plates were over the back of the animal. 
There were huge spikes on its shoulders and at the end of its long tail. Stegosaurs can also be described as armoured dinosaurs, but they were generally much lighter and more agile. They were small to medium in size and had fairly small brains.
Huayangosaurus was quite big, with a rather deep, square-shaped skull. Unlike Stegosourus, the 'Huayang lizard' still had teeth at the front of its jaw. It held its body high off the ground on heavily built limbs and feet like those of a modern elephant. The front feet had five very short toes, whereas the back feet had only three, though they were bigger and far more robust. All stegosaurs were plant eaters.
大きさ比較:

HuayangosaurusSize.JPG


 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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Heterodontosaurus

 

HeterodontsaurusP.JPG
和名: ヘテロドントサウルス
世界共通発音: ヘッツアロドントソーラス het-ur-oh-dont-oh-saw-rus
命名意味: Differnt-toothed Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda
/ Family: Heterodontosauridae
First Described: 1962 / Foud: Africa: South Africa
/ Length: 1.2m / Weight: 9kg
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Early Jurassic 150-146 mya

恐竜説明:
Heterodontosaurus is one of the earliest ornithischian, or bird-hipped, dinosaurs. It is known from a complete skeleton and parts of a jaw. The skull is unique and has three types of teeth. The front teeth were sharp and used for cutting and snipping, whereas those at the back were broader and flatter and were used to grind tough vegetation before it was swallowed. These back teeth had a thick coat of enamel which would have prevented them from wearing out quickly. The third kind of teeth were tusk-like, resembling the canines of a dog. 
Scientists think that Heterodontosaurus probably had fleshy cheeks or 'pouches', which were used to hold extra food. As the animal ground up some food with its teeth, the muscular cheeks would help by pushing the food from side to side to produce a chewing action.
We are not sure what the canine teeth were used for but they may have allowed Heteradontosourus to dig up roots. It ran on its two strong back legs and had well developed arms.
大きさ比較:

HeterodontsaurusSize.JPG


 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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________________________________

Homalocephale

 

HomalocephaleP.JPG
和名:ホマロセファレ
世界共通発音:ホマロセファレ ho-mal-oh-seph-ah-le

命名意味: Even Head
分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genaria / Cerapoda
/ Marginocephalia / Pachycephalosauria
/ Family: Homalocephalidae
/ First Described: 1974 / Found: Asia: Mongolia
/ Length: 3m / Weight: 225kg
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Late Cretaceous 76-68 mya

恐竜説明:
This odd, rather small dinosaur was found in Mongolia in 1969. It was the first bone-headed dinosaur to be discovered with its skull. Until it was found, the bone-headed dinosaurs were known only through parts of skulls. This was probably because they are likely to have lived in dry, upland areas where the more delicate bones of the skeletons were destroyed before they could be buried and preserved.
The skull of Homalocephale was 15 cm thick, but unlike that of Pachycephalosaurus the skull roof was flat. Most scientists attribute this feature to a herding way of life with the large males using their heads as battering rams during battles over territory or females.
The spine of Homalocephale was quite rigid and the hips broadly spaced. These features, together with widely spaced back legs and a rigid tail, helped Homalocephale withstand the enormous shockwaves generated in battle. It has also been suggested that some of these features were associated with the birth of live young.
大きさ比較:

HomalocephaleSize.JPG

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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________________________________

KentrosaurusP.jpg
Kentrosaurus

 

和名: ケントロサウルス
世界共通発音: ケントロソーラス ken-tro-saw-rus
命名意味: Spiky Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea
/ Eurypoda / Stegosauria
/ Family: Stegosauridae
/ First Described: 1915 / Found: Africa
/ Length: 4m / Weight: 450kg / Food: Plants
/ Young: Eggs / Lived Late Jurassic 154-151 mya

恐竜説明:
Kentrosaurus is closely related to Stegosaurus but it is smaller, end the paired plates along its back give way to pairs of tall spines over the hips and long tail. This is why it is called the 'Spiky Lizard'.
Kentrosaurus was found in 1909, in Tanzania by a German expedition. Hundreds of bones of about 70 individualls were recovered. From these bones the scientists could build two complete skeletons. Sadly one of them was completely destroyed when a bomb hit the Humboldt Museum in Berlin, during the Second World War.
 Like Stegosaurus, Kentrosaurus had a long, narrow head. It had a horny beak for cutting and slicing plant material and many small teeth, behind the beak, for more crushing and grinding. The huge number of bones found during the original expedition suggests that Kentrosaurus lived in herds near lakes and rivers. They lived at the same time as the Elaphrosaurus (‘Lightweight Lizard’) and several meat eaters. These may have been Kentrosaurus's natural enemies, but it is most likely that 70 individuals died as a result of some natural disaster such as a flood.
大きさ比較:

KentrosaurusSize.jpg

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
http://dinoteam.org
________________________________

Euoplocephalus

 

EuoplocephalusP.jpg
和名:エウオプロケファルス
世界共通発音:ユオプロセファラス you-oh-plo-seph-ah-lus
命名意味:Well-armoured Head

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Ankylosauria
/ Family: Ankylosauridae
/ First Described: 1910 / Found: North America; Canada, USA
/ Length: 6m / Weight: 2.5t
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs / Lived: Late Cretaceous 78-68 mya

恐竜説明:
'Reptilian tanks' were commonplace during the late Cretaceous, between 70 and 65 million years ago. Herds of Ornithischians with protective body armour dominated the open lands of North America. Their protective armour greatly increased their chances of a long life. Euoplocephalus was particularly suited to the time and environment.
Its armour covered almost the whole of its body, from the tip of its nose to the end of its tail.
Euoplocephalus, and its close relatives may have had a particularly good sense of smell which would have helped it to find food, avoid enemies and seek out a mate. Its head was more rounded than that of Ankylosaurus, with a broader beak and teeth in the palate (roof of the mouth). Euoplocephalus probably fed on a wide variety of plant material.
Apart from its 'suit of mail', Euolplocephalus was blessed with sturdy spines on the back of its head and rows of plates and spikes along its back. The last part of its tail was stiffened by a sheath of bony rods and tipped by a huge, bony, mace¬ like ball. The animal could use its tail as a club 'to protect it from predators or during fights with other dominant males.
大きさ比較:EuoplocephalusSize.jpg           

 

 

 

 

________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
http://dinoteam.org
________________________________

Einiosaurus

 

EiniosaurusP.jpg
和名:エイニオサウルス
世界共通発音:アイニーオソーラス Eye-nee-oh-saw-rus
命名意味:Buffalo Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia 鳥盤目/ Genaria 角竜下目 / Cerapoda / Marginocephalia・マルギノケファリア(周飾頭)亜目

/ Ceratopsoidea・ケラトプス科
/ Family: Ceratopsidae・セントロサウルス亜科
/ First Described: 1995 / Found: North America: USA
/ Length大きさ: 6m / Weight 重さ: 2.5 t
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Late Cretaceous 後期白亜紀・カンパニア期 84-71 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Einiosourus is a relatively new addition to the world of dinosaurs. It is known only from the state of Montana and, as its name suggests, it was found in Native American Territory: the word einio is the Blackfoot people's word for 'buffalo'.
Einiosaurus was a large centrosaur type of horned dinosaur. The centrosaurs have a rather short face with a long horn over the nose area. If brow horns occur, they are short. In Einiosaurus the long horn on the nose is flattened at the sides. Two large, curved spikes adorn the large frill of the 'Buffalo Lizard'; the total length of skull rarely exceeds 1.5 m.
Only two or three good skulls of this herding animal have been found but hundreds of bones are known from the Dino Ridge Quarry in Glacier County, Montana.
These fossils include bones of animals of different ages, although the skulls all belong to adults. It is likely that such a large accumulation of bones was the result of a catastrophic event, perhaps a mass drowning or a large scale attack by predators.

 アメリカ・モンタナ州で発見された四足歩行の恐竜。
エイニオサウルスは鼻面の上に前方に向って大きく曲がった太い角を備えていた。首のえり飾りからは大きいスパイクが1対、周囲にも小さなスパイクが生えていた。顎はオウムのようなクチバシと餌をすり潰す頬歯があった。胴体はがっしりした作りで、尾はやや短め。


大きさ比較:

EiniosaurusSize.jpg

 


 

 

 

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Edmontosaurus

 

EdmontosaurusP.jpg
和名:エドモントサウルス
世界共通発音:エドモントソーラス Ed-mont-oh-saw-rus
命名意味:Edmonton Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Cerapoda / Ornithopoda / Iguanodontia
/ Family: Hadrosauridae
/ First Descrived: 1917 / Found: North America: Canada, USA
/ Length: 13m / Weight: 3t
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Late Cretaceous 70-66 mya

恐竜説明:
Edmontosourus may have been the biggest of the duck billed dinosaurs (hadrosaurs). It was a flat headed or non crested type that closely resembled its ancestors, the iguanodontids.
Bactrosaurus seems to have been the link between the two families. The hadrosours are thought to have been the last of the major groups of dinosaurs to Appear in the fossil record. But, during the final episode of the Late Cretaceous, they evolved in spectacular fashion to give rise to the flat headed and crested forms.
Edmontosourus was a herding animal that lived during Late Cretaceous times Ground an inland sea in what is now western North America. The climate varied with the seasons but basically it was warm and quite wet. Huge forests bordered the wetland areas and broad open plains supported many herds of ornithopod dinosaurs.
Edmontosaurus's head was large and had a flattened, duck billed snout. There were nearly a thousand teeth in the upper and lower jaws.
They were arranged in batteries (flattened rows) that formed a crushing surface similar to that of the huge cheek teeth of a modern elephant. A long tongue helped the animal gather its food.
大きさ比較:

EdmontosaurusSize.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

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Edmontonia

 

 

EdmontoniaP.jpg
和名:エドモントニア
世界共通発音:エドモントニアEd-mon-toh-nee-ah
命名意味:Out of Edmonton

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasouria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Ankylosauria
/ Family: Nodosauridae
First Discrived: 1924 / Found: North America: Canada, USA
/ Length: 7m
/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs
/ Lived: Early Cretaceous: 78-68 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Edmontonia is one of the largest armoured dinosaurs on record.
Approximately eight complete, or nearly complete, skeletons have been found. Edmontonia was first discovered in 1924 in the dinosaur bone beds around Drumheller, Alberta, western Canada. Since then, other remains have been dug up in Montana, South Dakota and Texas.
There are several different kinds of Edmontonia. They are identified by the length of the shoulder spikes and what kind of body armour they have. The best known form is Edmontonia longiceps or 'the dinosaur with long spines from Edmonton'.
Edmontonia's head was rather box like. The beak seems to have had a rounded shape, and there were several rows of small teeth lining the edges of the jaws. The huge shoulder spikes could be used effectively as horns against a hungry predator.
Rows of bony shields across the neck and more rows of bony plates along the back and tail gave Edmontonia quite a lot of protection. Strangely, it had a very long tail.
大きさ比較:

 

EdmontoniaSize.jpg
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Dryosaurus

 

DryosaurusP.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:ドライオサウルス

世界共通発音:ドライオソーラス dryohsaw-rus

命名意味:Oak Lizard

 

分類所属:

Ornithischia / Genasauria / Cerapoda / Ornithopoda / Drymorpha

/ Family: Dryosauridae

First Described: 1894 / Found: North AmericaUSA; AfricaTanzania

/ Length: 3m / Weirht: 80kg

/ Food: Plants / Young: Eggs

/ Lived: Late Jurassic 154146 mya

___________________________

恐竜説明:

Apart from being a lot bigger, the 'Oak lizard' was quite similar to Hypsilophodon  in overall appearance. It was two‑ legged with short arms and is best described as lightly built and agile. The head was quite deep, with sharp, deeply ridged teeth like those of its distant cousin. According to some scientists, Dryosaurus is the last ornithopod to have had short arms.

Like the Hypsilophocion and Leaellynasaura, Dryosaurus had large eyes and was probably quite intelligent. It lived in groups or small herds and used its keen eyesight and speed to avoid being caught and eaten. Adult specimens may have reached 4 m in length. Dryosaurus had a relatively long neck and slim body balanced by a long, stiffened tail.

 It may seem strange that an animal is known from fossils found in two          countries that are now separated by thousand of miles of land and sea.

 During the late Jurassic, however, the American and African continents were joined together, and it was possible for even the smallest dinosaurs to exist over a large area during a million years or so of Earth's history.

大きさ比較:

 

 

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Dromaeosaurus

 

DromaeosaurusP.JPG 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:ドロマエオサウルス

世界共通発音:ドロメイオソーラス dro-may-oh-saw-rus

命名意味:Swift-running Lizard

 

分類所属:

Saurischia / Theropoda / Tetanurae / Manuraptra /

Deinonychosauria / Family: Dromaeosauridae /

First Described: 1922 / Found: North AmericaCanada,USA

/ Length: 1.5m / Weight: 33kg / Food: Meat / Young: Eggs

/ Lived: Late Cretaceous 8071 mya

______________________________

恐竜説明:

Dromaeosaurus has been described as 'the original raptor'. It was first discovered in the dinosaur‑rich Judith River deposits of Alberta in Canada, but further material has since been unearthed in Montana in the USA. Dromaeosaurus was a small, very agile meat eater. However, it had quite a large brain‑case and big eyes. The mouth was armed with numerous razor‑sharp teeth that were serrated along the edges.

Although a lightweight, Dromaeosaurus was quite well built, with long arms and fingers that ended in vicious, curved claws. The hind limbs were also quite long, with a well‑developed, dagger‑like claw on the second toe of each foot. It is unlikely that this little dinosaur would attack animals much larger than itself, but if it hunted in packs then the results would be quite devastating. The dromaeosaurs were noted for their long, stiff tails. Together with good sight and a relatively high intelligence, they were effectively the wild dogs or wolves of the Age of Dinosaurs.

大きさ比較:

 

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Deinonychus

 

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和名:ディノニクス

世界共通発音:ダイノナイカス die-noh-nye-kus

 

命名意味:Terrible Claw

 

分類所属:

Sourischia / Theropoda / Tetanurae / Eumanuraptora / Deinonychosauria

 

/ Family: Dromaeosauridae

First Discrived: 1964 / Found: North AmericaUSA / Length 3m / Weight: 50kg

/ Food:Meat / Young: Eggs / Lived: Early Cretaceous: 124110 mya

________________________

 

恐竜説明:

Fossils of 'Terrrible Claw' have been found in the western states of the United States. The remains of nine skeletons have been unearthed from the Morrison Formation of Montana, Oklahoma and Utah. There is doubt about finds from Maryland, and one from Korea is now thought more likely to be a Velociraptor. Deinonychus and Velociroptor are very closely related and seem to be found in what were the same sorts of environments

in North America and Asia. In the United States, Deinonychus has been found with freshwater turtles, crocodiles and plant‑eating sauropods. Forest glades bordered small lakes, and the herds of sauropods provided many opportu­ities as food for this near perfect predator.

Deinonychus was fairly small, with a large head, short neck and stiffened tail. The arms were strong, with three long‑clawed fingers for slashing and tearing at its prey. The hind limbs were also potential     weapons of destruction with a huge 13cm movable claw on the second toe of each. While this fearsome dinosaur was running, the claw was held off the ground, but in attack it would be rotated downwards and viciously driven home as the predator lunged or jumped at the terrified victim.

大きさ比較:

 

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Deinosuchus

 

Deinosuchus.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:デイノスクス

世界共通発音:ダイノスーカス dye-no-soo-kus

 

命名意味:Terrible Crocodile

 

分類所属:

Diapsida / Archosauromorpha / Crocodylomorpha / Eusuchia /

Family: Crocodylidae

 

First Discovered:1909 / Found: North America USA  /

Length:12m / Weight:3t

Food: Meat / Young: Eggs / Lived: Late Cretaceous 8272mya

 

恐竜説明:

The Age of the Dinosaurs seems to have had more than its fair share of giant meat eaters. The theropods were terrifying and, with gigantic pterosaurs patrolling the skies and fearsome mosasaurs menacing the oceans, nowhere was safe. And if these weren't enough, add one of the world's largest crocodiles skulking on the river bank and life becomes a nightmare world.

Deinosuchus was a huge creature with a 2‑m‑long (6 ft 6 in) skull and about a hundred large teeth. The teeth were very sturdy and the front, or incisor, teeth were razor sharp. Towards the back of the jaws the teeth were made for crushing.

Deinosuchus was a four-legged monster with a long tail. Normally, it would lie in wait in shallow water or                 rest on the river bank, but in attack it was a powerful swimmer. It could even lift its body and outrun unsus              pecting prey over short distances.

The discovery of Sarcosuchus imperator (meaning 'Flesh Crocodile Emperor') in Niger, West Africa, in 1996, challenged the position of Deinosuchus as the world's largest ever crocodile. Whichever was the winner, both probably ate dinosaurs.

大きさ比較:

DeinosuchusSize.JPG ________________________________
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Dacentrurus

 

Dacentrurus.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:ダセントルーラス

世界共通発音:ダセントゥルーラス dah-sen-troo-russ

 

命名意味:Pointed Tail

 

分類所属:

Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Stegosauria /

Family: Stegosauridae

First Described: 1902 / Found: EuropeEngland, France, Portugal /

Length: 6m / Weight: 2t /

Food: Plants / Young: Eggs / Lived: Late Jurassic 160-150 mya

 

恐竜説明:

Dacentrurus was the first from the stegosaur family to be described from the fossil record. In 1875 Sir Richard Owen first said that these  bones belonged to Omosaurus, but that name had already been used for another animal. In 1902 the palaeontologist Frederic Lucas intro‑ duced the name we use today. Dacentrurus seems to have lived throughout Western Europe, though most remains have been found in southern England.

 

Scientists have argued fiercely about the size of this animal. Some have suggested that individuals may have reached 10 m (33 ft) in length and weighed in at as much as 6 tonnes. Dacentrurus had long front limbs and spines, rather than plates, along the length of its back. It is thought, therefore, to have been a primitive stegosaur. No skull remains have been found from the various parts of Europe where Dacentrurus is known to have lived. It is assumed that the skull was quite small and housed a tiny brain. The size of the legs suggests that it was a heavily built stegosaur that 'grazed' on quite soft plant material.

大きさ比較:

 

DacentrurusSize.JPG 

 

 

 

 

 

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Ankylosaurus

AnkylosaurusP.JPG

 

 

 

 
 

和名:アンキロサウルス
世界共通発音: アンキロソーラス An-ky-low-saw-rus
命名意味:Stiff Lizard

分類所属:
Ornithischia / Genasauria / Thyreophoroidea / Eurypoda / Ankylosauria
Family: Ankylosauridae
First Described: 1908 / Found: North America USA, Canada. South America
Length: 10m / Weight: 7t / Food: Plants / Young: Eggs /
Lived: Early Cretaceous 68-65 mya
_______________________

恐竜説明:

Ankylosaurus was a truly massive dinosaur.

It was the largest ankylosaur, with some scientists suggesting that there may have been giants of 15‑17 m long.

These would have weighed over ten tonnes, and it is extremely unlikely that even Tyrannosaurus rex would have tried to kill a healthy animal.

Adults had skulls over 1 m in length. The skull was broad with a very thick roof and four triangular horns on the back corners.

The snout was beak‑like and the animal fed by snipping or cutting plant material, which was then finely ground by the small teeth that covered the palate. Bony shields which fitted into one another covered the neck and body of this slow‑moving titan, and there was a huge club at the tip of the tail.

The club was made up of two heavily thickened bones, one on either side of the tail. Though they were very heavy, the tail and the club were held high off the ground. If attacked, Ankylosaurus would try to move into a position where it could land heavy blow on the legs or soft underbelly of the attacker.    

 大きさ比較:

 

AnkylosaurusSize.JPG

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Alxasaurus 

 

Alxasaurus.JPG和名:
アラシャサウルス
英文読み方:アルクサソーラス alks-ah-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Alxa Desert Lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia/ Theropoda/ Tetanurae/ Therizinosauroidea/ Family: Alxasauridae/
First Discovered: 1994 /Found: Asia: Mongolia/ Length: 4m/ Weight: 400kg/ Food: Meat & Plants/ Young: Eggs/ Lived: Eary Cretaceous 112-105 mya

 

恐竜説明:
Alxasaurus is often described as the most complete theropod so far found in Asia. It is a rather strange looking creature which, in some ways, resembles an early prosauropod. It is not a sauropod, though. Most of its characteristics suggest that it was a very primitive therizinosaur. The therizinosaurs were a group of medium to large theropod dinosaurs that had small heads, relatively long arms and thin, moderately curved claws on each hand. In primitive forms the claws were about 15 cm long but later therizinosaurs had flattened claws almost 1 m in length.

Alxasaurus had a relatively short tail and a long neck, and was very robustly built at the shoulders. It had more than 40 teeth in the lower jaw. While feeding, the animal may have leaned backwards on its hind legs and tail, reaching upwards to grasp leaves. When down on all four limbs, it may have dug into the ground in search of insects or succulent roots.

大きさ比べ:

Alxasaurus2.JPG


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Abelisaurus

 

abelisaurus.JPG

和名:
アベリサウルス
英文読み方: アベリーソーラス ah-bell-ee-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Abel's Lizard

分類所属:
Sourischia Theropoda Neotheropoda Family: Abelisauridae

First Discovered: 1985 ・Found: South America ・Length: 7 m
Weight: 1.5 t ・ Food: Meat
Young: Eggs  ・ Lived: Late Cretaceous 75~70 million years ago

恐竜説明:
Abelisaurus is a meat eater known from just a single skull found in the Rio Negro Province of Argentina, and was first descrived in 1985.
The skull is quite high and large at 85 cm with a rounded snout and many small saw edged teeth.
Although the head of Abefisourus is broad, the face is relatively short. An unusual feature of this theropod is a large opening on the side of the skull in front of the eye sockets.
The abelisaur dinosaurs are two legged hunters that grew to 9 m in length.
Representatives of the family are found in Africa, Asia and South America.
Carnosaurus and Majungatholus are members of the Abelisourdoe. Some of these animals have distinctive horns or dome like growths on their skulls. Most have large eyes and short arms. Abelisaurus is usually illustrated as a small, rather fat necked Tyrannosaurus like dinosaur. Most people who study dinosaurs, however, suggest that they are placed an separate branches of the dinosaur evolutionary tree.

大きさ比較:

 

abelisaurusSize.JPG
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Camarasaurus

 

CamarasaurusP.jpg和名:
カマラサウルス
英文読み方:カマラソーラス  kam-ah-rah-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Chambered Lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia / Sauropodomorpha / Sauropoda / Macronaria / Family; Camarasouridae / First Discovered 1877 / Found; North America USA / Length; 18 m / Weight; 25-30 t / Food Plants / Young Eggs / Lived Late Jurassic 161-146 mya

 

恐竜説明:
Although the first fossilized bones of Camarasaurus were found as early as 1877, scientists had to wait until 1925 for the first complete skeleton to be discovered. Camarasaurus has been found in Late Jurassic rocks in Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Utah and Montana, in the United States. Bones have also been found in southern England that may belong to it. Camarasaurus was very common in North America in the Late Jurassic.
Most sauropods were herd-dwellers and Camarasaurus was probably no exception. Just as with today’s animals of the great African savannas, it was important for the different species to be able to recognize one another. Although Camarasaurus was relatively small compared to other sauropods, its box-like snout and robust, chisel-like teeth gave it a distinctive look. It had a lightly built skull and there were large holes for the nostrils in front of the eye sockets. It had a heavily built body and a comparatively short tail. It is thought that, like elephants, Camarasaurus had wedge-like heels of soft tissue on its feet to help support its weight.

大きさ比較:

CamarasaurusSize.JPG

 

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カマラサウルス
空洞のあるトカゲ
竜盤目 / 竜脚形亜目 / 竜脚下目 / 新竜脚上科/ マクロナリス類/ カマラサウルス科
発見年:1877年/ 産地:北米・アメリカ/ 全長:約18メートル/ 体重:25~30トン/ 食性:植物/ 繁殖形態:卵生/ 時代:ジュラ紀後期、1億6100万~1億4600万年前

カマラサウルスの骨化石が最初に見つかったのは1877年だったが、完全な骨格は1925年になってようやく発見された。この恐竜の化石はアメリカのコロラド州、ニューメキシコ州、ワイオミング州、ユタ州、モンタナ州で、ジュラ紀後期の岩石から見つかっている。イギリス南部でも、この恐竜のものかもしれない骨が発見された。カマラサウルスはジュラ紀後期に北米で数多く生息していた。
竜脚類のほとんどは群れで暮らしたが、カマラサウルスも例外ではなかったと思われる。現在、アフリカの大平原にいる動物と同様に、当時も異なる種のあいだで互いを認識することが重要だった。カマラサウルスはほかの竜脚類とくらべると小さいが、箱型の鼻面とのみに似た頑丈な歯のおかげで見分けがつきやすかった。頭骨は軽く、眼窩の前方に大きな鼻孔があった。がっしりした体格で、尾は比較的短かった。体重を支えるため、ゾウのように、踵に楔形の軟組織があったと思われる。
日本語訳:ミスター思いやり
 2008年06月12日 15:09
一般的にカマラサウルスは18メートル前後と言われますが、推定全長が30メートルにも達するC.グランディスも知られています。上の記述は主に模式種であるC.スプレムスに関するものでしょう。

 

Argentinosaurus

 

ArgentinosaurusPicture.jpg和名:
アルゼンチノサウルス
英文読み方: アーゼンチノソーラス ahr-gent-teen-oh-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Argentina Lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia / Sauropoda / Neosauropoda / macronaria / Family; Andesauridae
First described 1993 / Found South America: Argentina / Length 40-41 m / Weight 80-90 t / Food; Plants / Young Eggs / Lived; Middle- Upper Cretaceous 100-93 mya


恐竜説明:
Argentinosaurus must have been a truly enormous creature-among the most gigantic animals ever to walk on earth. Sadly, so far it is known only from a few leg bones, several of which are more than 1 m long.
Reconstructed models suggest that Argentinosaurus was a typical sauropod with a small head, a long neck and a long tail. Closely related dinosaurs feature a sloping head, peg-like teach and front limbs shorter than back ones. These creatures belong to a family of large sauropods from South America and possibly Africa. The forelimbs are longer than those of Diplodocus and the head is rather squarer in shape.


大きさ比較:

ArgentinosaurusSize.JPG

 


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Acrocanthosaurus

 acrocanthosaurus.JPG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:アクロカンソサウルス
英文読み方: アクロカンソソーラス ak-ro-kan-tho-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:High spined Lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia / Theropoda / Tetanurae / Carnosauria /

Family: Allosauridae

First Descrived: 1950 / Found: North America: USA  /

Length 12 m / Weight 2 4 t

Food: Meat
Young: Eggs / Lived: Early Mid Cretaceous 125~112 mya


恐竜説明:
Down in the bed of the Poluxy River, near Glen Rose in Texas in the United States, two sets of footprints show that Acrocanthosaurus was tracking its next meal. Its prey, according to the second set of prints, preserved in the fine sediments of the Glen Rose Formation, was a Pleurocoelus, a giant sauropod. The prints reveal something of the hunting habits of the giant meat eater. They also show that the sauropods had developed a defence strategy, with the largest animals on the outside of the herd like a herd of buffalo in which the big bulls protect the cows and young from lions.
During Early to Mid Cretaceous times, in what is now the south-western part of the United States.
Acrocanthosaurus was close to being a top predator. It had huge teeth with long roots. The teeth were slightly curved but thin and, unlike those of Tyrannosaurus, probably broke quite easily. The broken tooth was then shed and another one grew in its place. The meat eater had powerful arms with sharp claws. It was a perfectly balanced hunter, with a strong, muscular back, and it ran on its bind legs. The 60 cm high spines over the bones of the back would have supported huge muscles.

大きさ比較:

acrocanthosaurusSize.JPG

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Coelophysis

 

CoelopysisP.jpg和名:コエロフィシス

英文読み方: シーロフィシス see-loh-fy-sis
恐竜名意味:Hollow Form

分類所属:
Saurischia / Theropoda / Neotheropoda / Family; Coelophysidae / First Discovered 1881 / Found; North America USA / Length; 3 m / Weight; 20-30 kg / Food Meat / Young Eggs / Lived; Late Triassic 228-200 mya

 
恐竜説明:
The name “Hollow Farm” aptly describes this small, hollow-boned Theropod dinosaur. Known initially from a few bones found in Arizona. Coelophysis attained great fame in 1947, when the renowned American paleontologist Edwin Colbert (1905-2001) discovered about a hundred skeletons at the Ghost ranch in New Mexico. From the skeletons, it seems that the animals may have drowned during a flash flood, when torrents of floodwater, mud and boulders thundered down the valley after very heave rein.
This dramatic find showed that large numbers of these small, meat-eating, scavenging dinosaurs lived in the same area and that the population included males and females. The skeletons of young animals were found inside some adults, so could Coelophysis have given birth to live young or cold it has been a cannibal. All dinosaurs laid eggs so Coelophysis must have eaten its own kind. Four long fingers and four long toes show that Coelophysis was more advanced than either Eoraptor or Herrerasaurus. The fourth finger was also shortened, so it seems that Coelophysis had advanced one stage closer to having three-digit limbs.

大きさ比較:CoelopysisSize.JPG         ________________________________
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コエロフィシス
中空の形
竜盤目 / 獣脚形亜目 / 新獣脚下目 / コエロフィシス科
発見年:1881年/ 産地:北米・アメリカ/ 全長:約3メートル/ 体重:20~30キログラム/ 食性:肉/ 繁殖形態:卵生/ 時代:三畳紀後期、2億2800万~2億万年前

「中空の形」という名のとおり、この小型獣脚類は骨が中空になっていた。最初はアリゾナ州で発見された数個の骨しか知られていなかったが、1947年に著名なアメリカ人古生物学者であるエドウィン・コルバート(1905~2001)がニューメキシコ州ゴーストランチで約100個体ぶんの骨格を発見したことから、とても有名な恐竜になった。これらは、豪雨のあとに土石流が谷間を駆け抜けた際、鉄砲水に飲み込まれておぼれた恐竜の死骸ではないかと考えられている。
この大発見により、肉食であり腐肉も食べた小型の恐竜、コエロフィシスは同地域に多数生息していたこと、更にオスとメスが一緒にいたことがわかった。一部の成体の体内から子供が見つかったのは、コエロフィシスが胎生だったからだろうか、それとも共食いをしたのだろうか。恐竜はすべて卵生だから、同種の恐竜を共食いしたに違いない。四肢の指は長くて四本ずつだった。このことからコエロフィシスはエオラプトルやヘルレラサウルスより進化していたことが分かる。第4指は短かったから、3本指に近づいていたのだろう。 

日本語訳:ミスター思いやり

 

 

Apatosaurus

 

ApatosaurusPicture.jpg和名:アパトサウルス
英文読み方:
アパトソーラス a-pat-oh-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Deceptive Lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia / Sauropodomorpha / Sauropoda / Neosauropoda / Family: Diplodocidae
First Described 1877 / Found: North America / Length 22-23m / Weight 25-30 t / Food: Plants / Young: eggs / Lived: Late Jurassic 161-145 mya


恐竜説明:
There are several different types of Apatosaurus known from Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma and Utah in the United States. When this giant sauropod was first identified and described, mistakes were made and the name Brontosaurus (Thunder Reptile) was used for identical skeletal remains. For many years brontosaurus was the more commonly used name.

Apatosaurus and Diplodocus both belong to the same family of sauropod dinosaurs, the Diplodocus was the longer of the two dinosaurs but Apatosaurus was much heavier. No skull of Apatosaurus has ever been found but it was probably similar to that of Diplodocus. Apatosaurus had a small brain. It relied heavily on its size for defense but there were two low ridges along its backbone which suggest that bundles of strong tendons {fibers which connect muscle to bone} or ligaments {fibers which connect bone to bone} held the neck high and enabled the animal to use its long tail like a mighty whip. The neck was about 6 m long and the tail was just over 9 m. Apatosaurus and Diplodocus swum in shallow water, using their front legs to push themselves forward.


大きさ比較:

ApatosaurusSize.JPG________________________________
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Brachiosaurus

 

BrachiosaurusPicture.jpg和名:
ブラキオサウルス
英文読み方:
ブラキオソーラス brack-ee-oh-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Arm Lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia / Sauropodomorpha / Sauropoda / Macronaria /

Family: Dicraeosauridae / First Discovered: 1900 /

Found: Africa, North America / Length; 25 m / Weight; 70-80 t / Food Plants / Young Eggs / Lived Late Jurassic 161-146 mya


恐竜説明:
Brachiosaurus has been found in Tanzania, East Africa, and Colorado in the United States. This shows us that in Late Jurassic times the two continents were one. Brachiosaurus was a gigantic creature with very long front limbs and shorter back limbs. It stood 16 m high and its weight was between 70 and 80 tonnes. The upper arm bone was over 2 m long. Unlike those of Diplodocus, the sturdy, chisel-like teeth of Brachiosaurus were arranged around the edges of the jawbones. This huge animal fed on leaves and shoots from the highest branches of trees, helped by its upward-sloping body. Its skull was about 50cm long and much deeper than that of Diplodocus, and its nostrils opened at the top of the head. Brachiosaurus’s neck was made up of 14 very large bones, and there were massive tendons to enable the animal to keep its head held high. Tendons and ligaments would also have helped hold the tail straight. A lash of that great tail would have deterred most predators.

大きさ比較:

BrachiosaurusSize.JPG________________________________
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ブラキオサウルス
腕トカゲ
竜盤目 / 竜脚形亜目 / 竜脚下目 / 新竜脚上科/ マクロナリス類/ ディクラエオサウルス科
発見年:1900年/ 産地:アフリカ、北米/ 全長:約25メートル/ 体重:70~80トン/ 食性:植物/ 繁殖形態:卵生/ 時代:ジュラ紀後期、1億6100万~1億4600万年前

アフリカ東部のタンザニアとアメリカのコロラド州で発見された。このことからも、ジュラ紀後期には、この2つの大陸が陸続きであったことが分かる。ブラキオサウルスはたいへん長い前肢と、より短い後肢をもつ巨大な生物だった。頭部は地上16メートルの高さに達し、体重は70~80トンもあった(ゾウ18~20頭に相当)。上腕骨は長さが2メートル以上あった。ディプロドクスと違って、のみのような頑丈な歯が顎骨の正面から側面までならんでいた。この巨大な動物は、斜め上方にのびた姿勢を利用して、木の頂にある枝から葉や新芽を食べた。頭骨は長さが約50センチで、ディプロドクスのものと比べると上下の高さがあった。鼻孔は頭部のてっぺんについていた。首は14個のとても大きな椎骨からできていて、大きな腱と靭帯によって尾をまっすぐにのばすこともできた。この大きな尾を一振りすれば、大抵の捕食者は退散しただろう。

日本語訳:ミスター思いやり

Barapasaurus

 

BarapasaurusPicture.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:バラパサウルス
英文読み方: バラパソーラス bah-rap-ah-saw-rus
恐竜名意味:Big leg lizard

分類所属:
Saurischia / Sauropodomorpha /

Family; Barapasauridae / First discovered: 1960 /

Found; Asia, India / Length 14-18 m / Weight; 10-40 t / Food: Plants /

Young: eggs / Lived: Early Jurassic 183-176 mya


恐竜説明:
Like early prosauropods, the primitive sauropod dinosaur Barapasaurus has leaf-shaped, serrated teeth and, despite its name, quite slender limbs. More than 300 bones have been found and, together, they make up six incomplete skeletons. None of the skeletons has a skull or front or back feet. All the bones were discovered in the Early Jurassic rocks of the Godavari Valley in the Kota Region of southern India.
Compared with even the largest of the prosauropods. Barapasaurus was gigantic. Like most sauropods, it had a very long tail and a long neck probably supporting a small head. The individual bones that made up its spine had indentations in them, unlike the large hollows typical of more advanced sauropods such as Brachiosaurus. It is thought that these hollowed-out bones made the whole skeleton lighter ? useful for such huge animals. No one is sure how heavy Barapasaurus was, though, and estimates vary wildly from person to person. It lived on coastal flood plains or deltas, and fed on plants.

大きさ比較:

BarapasaurusSize.JPG________________________________
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バラパサウルス
大きな脚のトカゲ
竜盤目 / 竜脚形亜目 / 竜脚下目 / 新竜脚上科/バラパサウルス科
発見年:1960年/ 産地:アジア、インド/ 全長:約14~18メートル/ 体重:10~40トン/ 食性:植物/ 繁殖形態:卵生/ 時代:ジュラ紀前期、1億8300万年~1億7600万年前
 
 初期の古竜脚類と同様に、初期の竜脚類であるバラパサウルスも縁がぎざぎざの葉形の歯と、名前とは別して非常に細めの四肢をもっていた。300個以上の骨が発見されていて、これらから不完全な骨格が6個体分得られている。ただし、どの骨格にも頭部と足がない。骨はすべてインド南部のコタ地方を流れるゴダヴァリ川流域で、ジュラ紀前期の岩石中から発見された。
 古竜脚類のもっとも大きい恐竜と比べても、バラパサウルスは大きかった。ほとんどの竜脚類と同様に、かなり長い尾と長い首をもち、頭部はおそらく小さかった。背中を形成する個々の骨は中空になっていたが、ブラキオサウルスのような、より進化した竜脚類に見られるほど大きなものではなかった。このように骨の内部が中空であることにより、骨格が全体として軽くなったと思われる。そのことは大型の動物にとってはありがたいことだった。しかし、バラパサウルスの体重は不明であり、推定体重も研究者によってかなり大きな幅がある。海岸の近くの氾濫原や三角州に生息し、植物を餌とした。

日本語訳:ミスター思いやり

Diplodocus

 

DiplodocusP.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

和名:ディプロドクス
学術名発音: dip-lod-oh-kus ディプロドークス
命名意味:Double-beam Lizard

Saurischia / Sauropodomorpha / Sauropoda / Neosauropoda / Family; Diplodocidae / First Discovered 1993 / Found; North America USA / Length; 27 m / Weight; 10-25 t / Food: Plants / Young: Eggs / Lived; Late Jurassic 161-146 mya 


恐竜説明:

Diplodocus and close relatives such as Apatosaurus and Barosaurus were the dominant plant eaters among the late Jurassic dinosaur communities of North America. Five almost complete skeletons of Diplodocus have been found in the United States from Colorado, Utah, Wyoming and Montana. At the end of the 19th century hundreds of crates containing bones of the “Double-beam Lizard” were sent back to the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. You can see beautiful replicas of the complete skeleton in major museums throughout the world.
Diplodocus was a very long, quite slim sauropod. It had a remarkably long neck and a long, slender, whip-like tail. It stood tail, on long front legs, and it could stretch its long, horse-like head up to reach 10-12 m above the ground in search of soft vegetation from the treetops. The peg-like teeth occur only in the front of the mouth. Surprisingly, compared with giant sauropods such as Argentinosaurus, Diplodocus was a lightweight. Huge tendons attached to its backbone enabled Diplodocus to hold both its neck and its tail high off the ground.
The Jurassic dinosaur communities of North America. Five almost complete skeletons of Diplodocus have been found in the United States from Colorado, Utah, Wyoming and Montana. At the end of the 19th century hundreds of crates containing bones of the “Double-beam Lizard” were sent back to the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. You can see beautiful replicas of the complete skeleton in major museums throughout the world.
Diplodocus was a very long, quite slim sauropod. It had a remarkably long neck and a long, slender, whip-like tail. It stood tail, on long front legs, and it could stretch its long, horse-like head up to reach 10-12 m above the ground in search of soft vegetation from the treetops. The peg-like teeth occur only in the front of the mouth. Surprisingly, compared with giant sauropods such as Argentinosaurus, Diplodocus was a lightweight. Huge tendons attached to its backbone enabled Diplodocus to hold both its neck and its tail high off the ground.

大きさ比較:

DiplodocusSize.JPG________________________________
『オーストラリア恐竜大陸』
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________________________________

Velociraptor

 

Velociraptor.JPG

和名:ヴェロキラプトル
英文読み方: ヴェロシラプター vel-oss-ee-rap-tor
恐竜名意味: Fast Robber

分類所属:
Saurischia/ Theropodoa/ Tetanurae/ Manuraptora/ Deinonychosauria
Family: Dromaeosauridae
First Described:1924 /Found: Asia,Russia, Mongolia, China /
Length: 2m / Weight: 15kg
Food: Meat / Young: Eggs / Lived: Late Cretaceous 70-65mya

恐竜説明:
Several skeletons of this small aggressive theropod have been found across Asia.They include adults and young.Velociraptor was brought to life in the film Jurassic Park when it pitted its wits against a host of terrified humans.Typically, Velociraptor was an agile, fast running hunter.It had quite a long, narrow head with very sharp, backward-curving teeth.ln modern animals, such as poisonous snakes, teeth like these enable the predator to hold on tightly to a struggling victim.
 Actual Velociraptors are much smaller than the ones that starred in the film, and their tails were rigid rather than whip-like.One of the specimens found in Mongolia seems to have died during a raid on the nest of the small-horned Protoceratops.
The two animals are locked in an embrace of death and the protective mother probably surprised the cunning raider as it attempted to steal her eggs or hatchlings.Strangely, both were entombed forever by a desert sand-storm, the dagger-like claws of Velociraptor still deeply buried in the remains of Protoceratops.

大きさ比較:

Velociraptor2.JPG

 


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